His main interests lie in translatology and the comparative study of translational Chinese and foreign languages. He is a distinguished translation theorist, the initiator of variational translation theory, and founder of science translatology and applied translation studies. Zhonglian Huang is a Professor of Translation at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. This book is intended for translation scholars, translation practitioners, students, and others whose work involves the theory and practice of translation and who want to enhance their translation proficiency in cross-cultural communication for the Information Age. Readers will gain a better understanding of how variational translation is produced, and of its important role in advancing cross-cultural communication and in reconstructing human knowledge and culture. These techniques and methods, quite different from those used in complete translation or full translation, are systematically studied together with examples, allowing readers to not only understand their interrelations and differences within the context of variational translation methods, but also to master them in order to improve their translation efficacy and efficiency. ![]() It classifies and summarizes seven main adaptation techniques and eleven translation methods applicable to all variational translation activities. In Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, the ring-inscription appears similarly to its description in Tolkien's works.This book, adopting the perspective of cross-cultural communication, theoretically justifies and addresses human variational translation practice for the first time in the area of translation studies, focusing on the adaptation techniques and variational translation methods, as well as general features and laws of the variational translation process. The ring-inscription appearing to Isildur (top), Frodo (middle), and as the ring is destroyed in Mount Doom in Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings film trilogy When Gandalf subsequently heated the ring that Bilbo had found and passed on to Frodo, the inscription appeared, leaving him in no doubt that it was the One Ring. When Isildur had cut the Ring from Sauron's hand, it was burning hot, and so Isildur was able to transcribe the inscription before it faded. Gandalf first learned of the Ring-inscription when he read the account that Isildur had written before marching north to his death and the loss of the Ring. One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie. ![]() Three Rings for the Elven-kings under the sky, Seven for the Dwarf-lords in their halls of stone, Nine for Mortal Men doomed to die, One for the Dark Lord on his dark throne In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie. Note: some recent editions of The Fellowship of the Ring accidentally omit the first two clauses of this phrase from Chapter 2. ![]() One Ring to rule them all, One ring to find them One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them. Spoken out loud the words sound as follows:Īsh nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul, ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul The inscription uses the Fëanorian characters (Tengwar) because all forms of writing Tolkien describes at that time were invented by the Elves. These words, in the Black Speech of Mordor, sound sufficiently evil that during the Council of Elrond, the Elves present stopped their ears upon hearing the inscription spoken in that tongue. A transliteration appears in Book II, Chapter 2, " The Council of Elrond", where the inscription is read by Gandalf ( listen to the inscription). A drawing of the Inscription appears in Book I, Chapter 2 of The Fellowship of the Ring, " The Shadow of the Past". Normally, the One Ring appeared perfectly plain and featureless, but when heated in a fire the inscription appeared in fiery letters inside and outside the Ring. ![]() The Ring-inscription was a Black Speech inscription in Tengwar script upon the One Ring, symbolizing the Ring's power to control the other Rings of Power. " Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul, ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul" - The transliterated inscription upon the One Ring, in the Black Speech of Mordor
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